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A group of Emmitsburg residents (Shannon Cool, Vance Click, Tina, Chris, and Evan Ryder) and other friends made their way to Bowie, Maryland, to participate in the Sandy Donaty Memorial Golf Tournament, which raises awareness for the Arthritis Foundation. New for this year, they graciously split the proceeds with a cause that is near and dear to my heart: Helping to build the “Perfect” Playground in memory of my nephew, Noah Donovan.

Noah was a miracle baby, born with hydrocephalus, which is water on the brain that requires brain surgery to have a shunt put in to drain the fluid. On May 31, 2024, Noah passed away, just shy of three years old, due to a shunt malfunction, which caused a cardiac arrest.

It was amazing to see all of our friends and family come out to support these great causes! Adventures for Noah

~Tina Ryder

moon in space

Asteroids, M’s, and  comets

by Mitchell Tester, College Student

At the center of our solar system sits the arbiter of life, our Sun. Eight planets orbit that Sun, although, what else is out there in our solar system? To answer that question, I will be discussing asteroids, meteoroids, meteors, meteorites, and comets. While next month, I will discuss our planets’ closest relatives, the dwarf planets.

For you to understand what meteoroids are and their counterparts, we must first establish what asteroids are. Between Mars and Jupiter lies what is called the Asteroid Belt, home to over one million asteroids. The abundance of asteroids in this location is largely due to Jupiter and its gravity not allowing the forming of planetesimals (think of them as pre-planets) to collect enough material to become one of the eight planets, instead, left to live their lives as asteroids. Some asteroids got large enough to differentiate, which largely indicates that asteroids were never large fully formed planets that were broken up millions of years ago like people may think, but simply planetesimals that never got large enough to become planets due to the likes of Jupiter and Mars.

Asteroids are classified into three types. C-type consists of clay and rock and are the most common. The next type is the S-type, which are made up of rock and nickel-iron. The last type is the M-type, which due to them experiencing high temperatures, they partly melt, resulting in iron sinking to the bottom. This is what we call differentiation. When a piece of the asteroid—whatever the reason—breaks off and goes on its own way, that piece becomes a meteoroid. Think of the meteoroid as the object that travels through the void of space. What changes a meteoroid is if it makes contact with the Earth’s atmosphere; they are then referred to as meteors. The contact with the atmosphere causes friction, which in return causes the meteor to heat up, giving way to a bright streak in the sky—not to be confused with a comet, which will be discussed later. Most meteors are small enough that they burn up in the atmosphere, never making contact with the ground. Meteors large enough make it to the ground, which were once meteoroids before making contact with Earth’s atmosphere and turning into meteors, turn into meteorites once they have made contact with Earth’s surface. Think of meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites as the same object, and the way you refer to that object is dependent upon where it is in its journey. In outer space means it is a meteoroid, in the Earth’s atmosphere means it’s a meteor, and only the ones that make contact with the Earth’s surface are meteorites.

Meteorites can be of three different compositions. These include stony, stony-iron (being the rarest), and iron. Within stony type of meteorites lie two additional types: chondrites and, the less common, achondrites.

Chondrites come from some of the oldest asteroids in our solar system, chondrules (millimeter-sized celestial bodies), through accretion, formed asteroids. The much rarer counterpart is known as the achondrites, which,  like chondrites, are mostly rock, but still experienced some differentiation during the birth of the solar system long ago.

Differentiation occurs when the heavier elements, such as iron, sink to the core. No differentiation of the asteroid means that the rocky piece is quite lumpy, and mixed in; no clear indication of layers. The next is stony-iron, which is from larger asteroids. Asteroids, that either heated up enough through impact or size, results in the iron to sink to the core because it is the heavier element. The “stony” part in the name comes from the rocky part of the meteoroid, indicating that it came from the transition layer of silicate to iron due to iron also being present in the stony-iron. Strictly coming from the transition layer of an asteroid, as you would expect, makes for the stony-iron type to be quite rare. The last composition that meteoroids may come in is iron. This, like the stony-iron, is from an asteroid that differentiated. The iron meteoroid comes from the core of an asteroid. Although most meteoroids come from asteroids as mentioned above, some can even come from larger celestial bodies such as the Moon or Mars.

Next, a much colder and more distant object is the comet. Comets are objects very far out, even past the roughly 2.7 billion miles of Neptune’s distance from the Sun. A simpler way astronomers have to think of these distances to and from objects in space is a form of measurement called AU, or astronomical unit. One AU is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun, which is 93 million miles. So, Neptune is 30 AU from the Sun; therefore, 30 AU is roughly 2.7 billion miles. The vastness of space and distances to objects makes the AU necessary.

Now back to the comets. Astronomers predict that these comets come primarily from the Oort cloud. A spherical cloud of comets that encompasses our solar system some 10,000 AU to 100,000 AU away from the Sun (100,000 times the distance from our home, Earth, to the Sun—very far!). The nucleus (center) of the comet is where the ice, dust, and some gas is located, loosely held together by its gravity. Many of these comets that come from the Oort cloud are then caught by the Sun, whose orbits are very eccentric, meaning that they are much more oval shaped than circular. When these comets pass so that we can see them, they are being melted by the Sun. They have a tail, that tail being part ion and the other part dust. The ion tail, which is always facing directly away from the Sun, has a blue tint and is due to UV rays. The other part of the tail is simply the blow from the Sun’s solar radiation, blowing the dust off from the heating of the nucleus and its ice and gases.

This two-part tail can make some very pretty scenery for observers on Earth. Comets do primarily come from the Oort cloud, although they don’t all come from it. Some come from the Kuiper belt, similar to the asteroid belt, but instead of being in between Mars and Jupiter, it sits right outside of Neptune’s orbit. Extending some 10 AU. Along with its position in our solar system being different, it is also the home of comets and not asteroids. Along with comets and asteroids, there also exists something else in our solar system, called our dwarf planets.

Tune in next month, as I discuss some of the most interesting and strange dwarf planets our solar system has to offer.

by Tricia Bush, CPA, CFP®, Partner, Bestgate Advisors


The Power of the Emergency fund

Your Financial Safety Net in Times of Need

Imagine this: It’s a regular Tuesday morning, and you’re heading out the door for work when your car won’t start. After a tow and a visit to the mechanic, you’re staring down a $1,200 repair bill. A month later, your refrigerator breaks, costing another $800 to replace. For most families, surprises like these can be stressful and financially challenging. This is where an emergency fund comes in—a simple but powerful tool that can help you weather life’s unexpected expenses without resorting to high-interest debt or dipping into your long-term savings.

An emergency fund, simply put, is a dedicated amount of money set aside specifically for those unplanned events. Unlike a savings account for planned purchases or a retirement account for your future, an emergency fund is for the here and now—car repairs, medical bills, or a sudden job loss. Financial experts often recommend having three to six months of living expenses set aside, but even a smaller fund can provide invaluable peace of mind.

Let’s explore why building an emergency fund is essential, how to get started, and some practical strategies to make it work for you.

Why Do You Need an Emergency Fund?

Let’s consider Sarah and Mike, a married couple with two young children. Both work full-time jobs, bringing in enough to cover their mortgage, utilities, groceries, and a few small luxuries. They’re not struggling, but they’re not exactly thriving either—like many families, they live paycheck to paycheck.

One winter, their furnace breaks down during a particularly frigid week. With no emergency fund, Sarah and Mike are forced to put the $1,500 repair on a high-interest credit card. By the time they pay it off, they’ve spent almost $300 in interest. Had they been able to pay for the repair upfront, they’d have saved themselves time and stress—not to mention hundreds of dollars. This is a perfect example of why an emergency fund can be a lifesaver, allowing you to handle life’s unexpected expenses without accumulating debt.

Emergency funds aren’t just about avoiding debt, though. They also give you the freedom to make better decisions. For instance, let’s say Mike’s job becomes increasingly unstable. With an emergency fund, he might feel comfortable taking a few weeks to find a new position that suits him better, rather than jumping at the first offer to make ends meet. In short, having an emergency fund can help you make choices that benefit you in the long run, rather than just putting out fires as they arise.

How Much Should You Save?

The standard recommendation for an emergency fund is three to six months of living expenses. This amount may sound daunting, especially if you’re just getting started, but don’t let it discourage you. Even a smaller amount, such as $500 to $1,000, can help with minor emergencies like a car repair or a trip to the dentist.

For example, Sarah and Mike decided to aim for an initial goal of $1,000. They knew it wouldn’t cover a major crisis, but it would be enough to help them manage smaller unexpected expenses. Over time, they could gradually increase their funds to cover several months of expenses.

To determine your personal emergency fund target, start by calculating your essential monthly expenses. This should include your mortgage or rent, utilities, groceries, insurance, and any other non-negotiable costs. Multiply that total by the number of months you want to cover. If your monthly expenses are $3,000, you might aim for an emergency fund between $9,000 and $18,000. However, remember that any amount of savings is better than none. Set realistic milestones and celebrate each one you reach.

Steps to Start Building Your Emergency Fund

1. Set a Small Initial Goal

If a full emergency fund feels overwhelming, start with a more manageable target, like $500 or $1,000. Breaking your savings goal into smaller chunks can make the process feel more achievable. Each milestone is a step closer to financial security.

2. Automate Your Savings

The easiest way to save consistently is to automate it. Set up automatic transfers to a separate savings account each payday. Even $25 a week can add up to $1,300 over the course of a year. By making your contributions automatic, you won’t have to think about it every month—it’ll happen without any extra effort on your part.

3. Cut Back on Small Luxuries

Sarah and Mike realized they were spending around $8 a day on coffee and snacks at work. By bringing their own coffee and snacks from home, they freed up nearly $160 a month. They directed those savings into their emergency fund, making it grow faster than they initially expected. Cutting back on small extras, even temporarily, can make a big difference without drastically changing your lifestyle.

4. Direct Windfalls to Your Fund

Whenever you receive extra income—like a tax refund, a bonus, or birthday cash—consider putting a portion of it into your emergency fund. It might be tempting to spend it, but these windfalls can provide a big boost to your savings. Sarah and Mike applied this strategy when they received a $1,200 tax refund. By adding it to their emergency fund, they made significant progress toward their goal almost overnight.

5. Earn Extra Income

For those who find it difficult to cut expenses, earning additional income can also contribute to an emergency fund. Mike occasionally picked up freelance work on the weekends, and they agreed to save any extra money he earned. In just a few months, this allowed them to add several hundred dollars to their fund.

The Freedom of Financial Security

After a year of steady savings, Sarah and Mike managed to build an emergency fund of $3,000. When their car needed an unexpected transmission replacement, they were able to cover the cost without stressing over credit card debt or tapping into other savings. Having the money readily available brought them a sense of relief and pride, knowing they could handle the situation on their own.

Building an emergency fund takes time, effort, and some sacrifice, but the benefits are worth it. With an emergency fund in place, you’ll have peace of mind and the confidence to handle whatever challenges come your way. Financial security isn’t about having unlimited funds—it’s about being prepared and in control of your choices. Every dollar saved is a step closer to a more secure and stable future. So, start small, be consistent, and watch your emergency fund grow, bringing you one step closer to financial peace of mind.

James Rada, Jr.

Note: Newspaper excerpts are as they appeared in their respective issues.

November 1924, 100 Years Ago

Annual Apple Show Is Held At Thurmont

Located in the heart of the county apple belt, Thurmont’s third annual exhibition held recently in Thurmont, under the supervision of the Citizens Saving Bank, a branch of the Central Trust Company, this city, this year eclipsed all past events put on by that town. Seventeen different varieties of apples grown in orchards in and around Thurmont were on display and made up one of the most representative shows held this season in the state, A. F. Vierhiller, of the University of Maryland, who judged the exhibits, declared. Prizes were furnished by the Thurmont bank as an incentive to production of better apple grades.

                               – Frederick News, November 9, 1924

Autos Come Together

Two cars were damaged in an automobile accident on a one-way bridge about four miles from Thurmont on the road between Thurmont and this city, about 12 o’clock Tuesday noon. The owners of the cars are J. Leslie Gloninger, Brownsville Farm, Emmitsburg, and Mrs. Eva M. Jackson, of Franklin, New York.

None of the occupants in either car were injured, but all were shaken up. The Gloninger  car had the front smashed in, while the car of Mrs. Jackson had a broken radiator, fender torn off, wheels knocked out of alignment, and was generally wrecked.

The case was settled when Mrs. Jackson paid for the damage to the car of Gloninger.

                               – Frederick News, November 12, 1924

November 1949, 75 Years Ago

Officials Okay New Street Lighting System

Emmitsburg’s “Great White Way” was practically assured Tuesday night when the Mayor and Commissioners of the Town okayed the plan to relight Emmitsburg in a modern way.

The board accepted the revised plan of the Potomac-Edison Co. which was presented several weeks ago. Under the new setup the entire lighting system will be rewired and will be photo-electrically operated. They will work automatically with the intensity of light.

It is believed that another five lights will be added to the present number, bringing the total to approximately 70. Additional and brighter lighting is planned for the alleys and Federal Hill.

The new system will cost the town treasury about $500 more per annum. At the present, the current bill for Emmitsburg is around $1200 per year. Mayor Thornton W. Rodgers emphasized at the Tuesday evening session that the present tax rate will remain the same for the next year.

                               – Emmitsburg Chronicle, November 4, 1949

Thurmont Town Hall To Be Razed

The old Town Hall at Thurmont will be sold to the highest bidder at a public sale in front of the building November 26 at 1 p. m., Guardian Hose Co., owners, has announced.

The Thurmont fire company came into possession of the old landmark several years ago by a public vote. Long known to be a hazard to the lives of the Many persons who jammed into it for public entertainment, the building is to be torn down to the stone foundation by the firemen, who will then erect a modern fire house to accommodate the firefighting equipment and provide meeting quarters also.

Bids had been asked more than a month ago’ for the demolition of the hall. Four bids were received by the firemen, but were rejected as not satisfactory. However, they have not rejected the bids finally’ but are holding them in abeyance.

                               – Emmitsburg Chronicle, November 18, 1949

November 1974, 50 Years Ago

Wivell Sets Record As Top SJ Runner

The St. Joseph’s High School cross county harriers finished its season last Sunday by competing in the Mt. St. Mary’s State Catholic Invitation run, finishing 8th in the meet. The

Trojans ran well but could not keep pace with Georgetown Prep, the eventual winners. They did defeat arch rival St. Mary’s of Annapolis and Archbishop McNamara of Washington, D.C. Eric Rosensteel and Greg Adelsberger ran in two championship races last Sunday to be the first to run in both matches. Rosensteel finished 15th in the second race, a 5 mile affair, with Adelsberger, broken hand and all, running 24th. Both boys ran 8 miles for a good afternoon’s work…

…Jeff Wivell winds up the top runner at the school with a school record over the Mount course of 15 minutes and 7 seconds for the 2.6 miles. The squad only graduates Wivell, so great things are expected of the boys next season.

                               – Emmitsburg Chronicle, November 7, 1974

Happy Birthday Seton Center On 5th Anniversary: Plan Open House

The children at Seton Center are making cookies and storing them away in bright tins. They’re for the party. And you’re invited. It’s to be a birthday party.

Seton Center in Emmitsburg will celebrate its fifth anniversary during the week of November 17. Several events are planned, beginning with an open house on Sunday, November 17 from 2 to 4 p.m. That’s when the Seton Center youngsters will be serving their cookies.

Yes, the children will be on hand for the open house. You are not being invited to tour quiet corridors and empty classrooms but to see real, live, how-it-happens day care. Throughout the building, teachers and children will be busy with their usual activities.

                               – Emmitsburg Chronicle, November 14, 1974

November 1999, 25 Years Ago

Emmitsburg Jubilee To Be Sold

 Rumors of the sale of Emmitsburg’s Jubilee supermarket have been confirmed by Dave Hocker, Director of Human Resources for the Fleming Company, owner of Jubilee. According to Mr. Hocker, the Fleming Company has decided to sell their 42 retail stores in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Buffalo. N.Y. Their intention is that the stores will be purchased by independent retailers and Fleming will continue to supply them.

“This represents a key growth opportunity for Fleming, customers, and for our wholesale operations,” Mr. Hocker said.

The company anticipates that the stores will be attractive assets to the independent retailers and the sales will be a good thing for the retailers as well as Fleming.

                                – The Emmitsburg Regional Dispatch, November 1999

Local Family Establishes Mason-Dixon Oil Company

John Glass, life-long resident of Emmitsburg, has set up a new business in the center of town, offering, in his words, the “personal touch” in fuel delivery.

John, 37, has for years been known to many in the area as the pleasant and efficient driver for Holtzople and more recently for their out-of-town successor. He says that the idea for forming his own company came from his customers, who told him they missed the relationship with a local business.

The idea for Mason-Dixon Oil Company took shape in the spring and came to fruition when the Myers Radio Shack location became available this summer. The company set up officers with John as president, his wife Tammy as vice president, father Jimmy Glass as treasurer, and sister Brenda Myers as secretary.

                                    – The Emmitsburg Regional Dispatch, November 1999

by Michele Tester
“Not In The Same House”

November is the month in which we celebrate Thanksgiving, an annual holiday celebrating the harvest and other blessings of the past year, a day when we gather with family and friends to enjoy a bountiful feast and to take the time to reflect on what and who we are thankful for in our lives. So, I thought it was only fitting to write about gratitude and giving thanks, what it means, and how very much it matters.

Yet, I would be remiss if I didn’t discuss what I feel is a vital component of gratitude: Perception. And, equally important, what the absence of gratitude is: Misery.

When my children were young, I would tell them that gratitude and misery can’t live in the same house. If you feel thankful for something you have or put your focus on something that is positive, you won’t feel misery. The two simply can’t coexist. When you are too busy counting all the positive things in your life—support of a loved one, good health or health that’s getting better, a career that’s going well, or maybe something as small as being thankful for a smile from a stranger—your focus is in the present and misery is being held at bay.

I’m grateful simply for the beauty that surrounds me in the gorgeous area here in the Catoctin Mountains. When I’m experiencing a particularly tough day, I take myself outside, witness the beautiful mountains surrounding me, look up, close my eyes, and feel the sunshine on my face. And I am grateful.

This is where perception comes in. Another thing I would always tell my children: Perception is everything. There is a direct correlation between how we choose to assess situations and experiences and our ability to feel grateful. What we take in and how we filter it…well, it can be our betterment or our undoing.

Maybe you’re sitting in traffic, add to that, you’re running late. You hear there’s a broken-down car on the side of the road holding everything up. You start to feel anger boiling up, your blood pressure rising by the minute, thoughts invading your brain about everyone’s expectations that you be on time—you just can’t be late. When you finally get past the obstruction that had caused the backup—the broken-down car—your mood has already tanked. Now, let’s take that same scenario, with a few adjustments. You start to feel anger boiling up, but then you say to yourself, I’m grateful it’s not me broken down on the side of the road. I’m thankful my car is working well. Maybe even…I’m just grateful that I’m alive to be sitting in this traffic. Sound trivial? Just try it. It would serve us all well to try our best to notice, focus on, and appreciate the positive aspects of our lives by consciously shifting our perspective—maybe even more so in this sometimes crazy, fast-paced, rushed world we live in.

Studies show many benefits to giving thanks and practicing gratitude, including: 

Better mental and physical health. Gratitude can improve your sleep, boost your immunity, enhance your mood, and reduce the risk of disease. Studies also show it can help regulate dopamine, which is a natural pain reliever.

Reduced stress. It’s been noted that the feel-good hormones released when practicing gratitude can help people manage stress better.

Generosity. Gratitude can lead to generosity toward others, which can result in others being thankful.

Lessened Anxiety. Regularly practicing gratitude fights against negative thinking patterns by keeping thoughts focused on the here and now and not on worries of the future or dwelling on the past.

Life can be quite overwhelming at times, and the struggles can sometimes feel insurmountable. It can seem a daunting task to keep gratitude at the forefront. But is anything truly worthwhile ever easy? Just like anything, I think it takes practice, and lots of it. I am grateful for… Say it often, say it out loud. But say it and try to really feel it. Misery still might try to worm its way in, but it won’t be invited to stay.

That’s just my two cents.

I thought it would be nice to include a few of our Banner Team’s responses to my question: “What are you grateful for this holiday season?” Their answers are below.

Happy Thanksgiving, everyone. I wish everyone a blessed day.

MAXINE

“I am so thankful for a great supportive family.  I love working on the Banner team. I think everyone on the team has a great working relationship. It keeps me out of trouble. I have had many opportunities to travel with great friends to locations that I would never have gone to, thanks to being on bowling teams that traveled to different cities in the U.S. for national tournaments. We even went to a taping of the Price Is Right in Hollywood California in 2007. I couldn’t have asked for anything better.”

JIM

“I am thankful that my family is healthy and that I have the chance to pursue my dream work as an author.”

BLAIR

“I’m thankful for everyone in my life who has helped me learn and grow in one way or another. And I’m thankful for the past, present, and future opportunities that stem from those experiences.”

ALISHA

“I am thankful for the many blessings God has given me and my family, including the opportunity to publish The Catoctin Banner. In less than a year as the new owner, I have already met so many amazing people from our community, and being able to share all the good things with our readers makes my heart full.”

MICHELE

“I’m grateful for my loving husband, my three children, and my son-in-law; I’m grateful for the air in my lungs, all the beauty of nature that surrounds me, and sunshine on my face; I’m grateful for my friends who bring me smiles and laughs…and compassion; I’m grateful I can move, walk, feel, and think. I’m grateful for every experience—good or bad—that has helped me to grow as a human being.”

MITCHELL

“I am grateful for the ones I love, and my pups, Jax.”

Emmitsburg Goes Dry


by James Rada

Things were pretty dry in Frederick County in November 1974. Rain hadn’t fallen in weeks, and the county had placed a leaf-burning ban in effect to try to avoid an out-of-control fires.

Meanwhile, Emmitsburg town staff watched as the water level at Rainbow Lake continued dropping. When it reached the point where Emmitsburg had only a two-week supply of water, drastic actions had to be taken.

Instead of taking water from the reservoir, local fire companies from Emmitsburg, Harney, Taneytown, Thurmont, Fairfield, Fountaindale, and Blue Ridge Summit started putting it in.

“About 60,000 gallons of water were carried to the reservoir, which now measures 60” below the spillway, 10” lower than last week at this time,” the Emmitsburg Chronicle reported.

This was the first phase of a three-part program Commissioner J. Norman Flax spearheaded to fight the water shortage. Another part of the first phase was to have firemen pump water from Summit Lake to the top reservoir, a distance of a quarter mile. Nearly 100 firefighters worked from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. to pump the water.

This would pump another 300,000 gallons into the reservoir, which represented roughly a day’s supply for the town.

As part of the second phase, an emergency pump was placed in Toms Creek to send water 2.5 miles to the reservoir on Hampton Valley Road, where it would go into a filtration plant. Vigilant Fire Company Chief Eugene Myers said the town was expected to receive a large civil defense pump to pump the water through a 10-inch line. The problem was that it would take a week to get the pump installed and into operation.

This wasn’t the first time Emmitsburg had faced such a problem. In 1965, with the town dealing with a drought, volunteer firefighters had to relay water until they could get a portable pump installed.

 “As part of the second phase, a new control valve must be bypassed and replaced on West Main Street in Emmitsburg,” the Chronicle reported. “About seven homeowners will be affected by this transition, and will need to boil their drinking water due to possible contamination.”

The third phase of Commissioner Flax’s program involved charging Mount St. Mary’s College, Saint Joseph’s College, and out-of-town users higher water rates based on their consumption. According to the town’s numbers, the colleges used half of the town’s water (19 million gallons during the third quarter of 1974), but only paid 38 percent of the water costs.

Mount St. Mary’s also stepped up to help during this crisis and closed a week early for Thanksgiving vacation. “Dr. Dillon, in talking with Mayor Sprankle, agreed that a longer Thanksgiving vacation would help alleviate Emmitsburg’s water shortage.

The efforts of local firefighters to increase the water supply and townspeople to conserve their water usage worked until the town got rain and snow.

Maxine Troxell

I am always looking for new recipes. I came across a cookbook titled Best Recipes several years ago. Recipes in this book came from the backs of boxes, bottles, cans,  and jars. This recipe for Pumpkin Bread is different from the one from Libby’s, so I’m not sure of the source of this recipe. It’s a good recipe that I have used many times, and it always comes out great. I hope you enjoy it.

PUMPKIN BREAD

Ingredients

3 cups sugar

4 eggs, beaten

3½ cups sifted flour

2 teaspoons salt

1 teaspoon nutmeg

1 teaspoon cinnamon

 2/3 cup water

1 cup salad oil

1 (16 oz.) can pumpkin

2 teaspoons baking soda

1 teaspoon baking powder

1 teaspoon allspice

½ teaspoon cloves

Directions

Cream sugar and oil. 

Add eggs and pumpkin, mix well. 

Sift together flour, baking soda, salt, baking powder, nutmeg, allspice, cinnamon, and cloves. 

Add to pumpkin mixture alternately with water. Mix well after each addition.

Pour into two well-greased and floured 9 x 5 inch loaf pans. 

Bake at 350 degrees for 1½ hours or until loaves test done. Let stand for 10 minutes. Remove from pans and let cool.         

by Buck Reed

Working the Dining

A Cruise Ship Tale

Going on a cruise ship can be a mixed bag of experiences. On one hand, you have a multitude of service personnel who are dedicated to you having a wonderful vacation, one that is not only memorable but also safe. On the other hand, you are a captive audience on that ship.

As a cruise ship chef, I cannot tell you how the ship navigates its travels, other than they aim the pointy end where they want to go. But I can help you navigate the bang for your buck in the dining room.

The wait staff have a planned-out routine that makes meal service move like clockwork. If something is going to go wrong, it almost always has to do with after you sit down at your table. And since the problems are caused by you, or someone sitting near you, here are a few ideas on what you can do to make things run more smoothly.

First, the staff on cruise ships are trained not to say “No” or even make it seem like special orders are ever a problem. Menus for the meals served in their dining rooms are carefully developed by idiots…I mean professionals at the home office. Usually, there are four to five options for your entrée, and nine times out of ten you can find something you like and want to eat. Even better, there may be an option you never thought you would order, but you are on vacation, so you give it a try. When everyone at your table orders off the menu, it can move like a well-oiled machine. Yet, maybe someone at your table doesn’t want anything being offered. Even though there is no lamb on the menu that night, that’s what they want. Of course, we are going to make that happen, but the timing will be thrown off. Then, suddenly, everyone at your table follows suit, and your ticket gets the red plague—a lot of writing in red ink that is full of special orders. You are going to get your meals, but you might be there a bit longer than you anticipated, and that means you might not make it to the show that night. If you are sitting at such a table, it will be better if you talk to the dining room manager about moving to another table. In fact, a good dining room manager will be happy to put all the red letter passengers at one table, just to keep those troublemakers away from the other passengers.

Another problem passengers can encounter is arriving late to dinner, either themselves or their tablemates. Now, you might think that this is just one couple being late, so how bad can it be. When I went on a cruise, a couple at the table next to us was constantly late, and since we shared a waiter, it threw a monkey wrench at both of our tables. You see, the waitstaff has a timing thing going on, and if followed, keeps things moving in an orderly manner. It’s about how many times the server moves from the dining room to the galley and scullery. Being late means you are almost certainly doubling his trips, which can slow things down considerably. This can frustrate the waiter, as well as the passengers sitting at two tables, and may even disrupt the second shift if there is one. Timeliness starts with you.

When you are on a cruise, you should enjoy yourself as much as possible. Given the training of all the staff, you should have no problem in doing this. But if you are behaving in such a manner that you are disrupting their ability to give you that service, then a little self-reflection might lead you to conclude that the person ruining your vacation is, in fact, you. Just a thought.

by Richard D. L. Fulton

Sgt. Roy C. Delauter

Lost and Found in Korea

Roy C. Delauter was born in Maryland on April 22, 1929, to parents, Roy W. Delauter and Grace Rae Delauter, and spent his entire life residing in Washington County. At the time of his death, his hometown was given as Smithsburg.

Roy “Buddy” Delauter was one of six siblings, which included Grace Jane Delauter Kline, Boyd David Delauter, Margaret Rose Delauter Carr, Dickie Daniel Delauter, and Evelyn Rae Delauter Eccard.

Delauter attended Smithsburg High School, and subsequently married Shirley V. Brown of Smithsburg. The couple had two daughters, Majorie Sharlene and Sue Royalle.

Before entering the Army in August 1948, Delauter was employed at Bandt’s Cabinet Works in Hagerstown.

The (Hagerstown) Morning Herald reported on July 23, 1949, that Private Delauter was presently undergoing advanced training in Hachinohe, Japan, with his unit, the 7th Infantry Division, 32nd Infantry Regiment, D Company, after having completed his initial training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

In 1950, he was  promoted to private first class. While stationed in Japan, he served with the second gunner with the mortar platoon of D Company.

Following his training in Japan, the 7th Infantry Division, 32nd Infantry Regiment, D Company was dispatched to Korea, where, according to the April 28, 2022, issue of The (Dundalk) Avenue News, the unit was posted on the east side of Choein Reservoir on November 27, 1950.

The Avenue News reported that the “Chinese Communist Forces launched a large-scale surprise attack against U.S. forces at the reservoir.”  The enemy forced the 32nd Infantry Regiment, along with Delauter, to withdraw to Hagaruri, where other American units were positioned.

Delauter was officially reported missing in action on December 10.  His death was listed in official records as having occurred on December 2, 1950. According to the January 17, 1951, edition of The (Hagerstown) Morning Herald, Delauter was serving as a cook in a headquarters unit when the unit was ambushed by “Chinese communists.”

A member of Delauter’s unit stated that he had “witnessed Buddy’s death near the Chosin Reservoir on December 1,” according to legacy.com, as his unit withdrew under intense fire from the enemy.

Apparently, during the fighting withdrawal of the 32nd Infantry Regiment, Delauter had been left for dead on the battlefield, when in fact, he was still alive; although, he had likely been mortally wounded.

Official records regarding “U.S., Korean War Casualties 1950-1957” recorded that Delauter had been captured by the Chinese forces and subsequently passed away, while being “interred” as a POW on December 2, the day after his capture.

On July 27, 2018, the Democratic People’s Republic of  Korea returned the remains of 55 boxes of unidentified U.S. Soldiers,” following the summit between President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un in June 2018,” according to the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency.

Among the 55 boxes of remains, one set was identified through DNA as having been the remains of Delauter. His body was returned to his hometown on April 19, 2022, via Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, more than 70 years after his death in Korea.

His sister, Margaret Carr, reportedly told The Avenue News, “This is a homecoming for him. But he’s been home for a long time. He’s been in heaven.”

Delauter was interred on April 22, 2022, at the Cedar Lawn Memorial Park, near Hagerstown, following a funeral service at Willow Brook Seventh-Day Adventist Church, near Boonsboro.

Delauter’s military awards included the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Korean Service Medal, the United Nations Service Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Presidential Unit Citation, and the Republic of Korea War Service Medal.

His name also remains among the names of the Korean MIA on the memorial table in Honolulu, along with a rosette next to his name, indicating that among the MIAs listed, his body had been found.

What a beautiful weekend we experienced at Octoberfest! We would like to thank everyone that supported the entire Legion Family. Whether you helped with setup, take down, baking, manning the bake sale or beer garden, or were a patron to these areas and the kitchen, we appreciate your support!

Hopefully, you signed up for the Bus Trip to the Armed Forces on November 9. The bus leaves at 7:30 a.m., so please be at the Thurmont Legion no later than 7:15 a.m. We can’t wait to hear about your trip. The trip includes Arlington Cemetery, war memorials, a wreath ceremony, and Changing of the Guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

On November 16, we will celebrate our Veterans by serving them a free lunch. So, bring the family out to thank our Veterans for their service. Lunch will be served from noon until 2:00 p.m.

Remember to wear your poppy during the month of November to show your support to the Veterans! Poppies are available all year at the Legion, Main Street Thurmont, Marie’s Beauty Salon, and the Thurmont Senior Center.

The Legion will be closed on November 28, Thanksgiving Day, so everyone can enjoy time with family and friends. We wish you all a Happy Thanksgiving.

Are you eligible to become a Legion Member, Son of the American Legion (SAL), or Auxiliary?

To become a Legion Member — If you have served at least one day of active military duty since December 7, 1941, and were honorably discharged or you are still serving active military duty honorably, you are eligible for membership with The American Legion.

To become a Son of the American Legion (SAL) Member — All male descendants, adopted sons, and stepsons of members of The American Legion, and such male descendants of Veterans who died in service during the period of April 6, 1917, through November 11, 1918, or any time from December 7, 1941, to date, who served honorably, as set forth in Article IV, Section 1, of the National Constitution of The American Legion, or who died subsequent to their honorable discharge from such service, shall be eligible for membership in the Sons of The American Legion.

Membership in The American Legion Auxiliary shall be limited to the:

(1) Grandmothers, mothers, sisters, spouses, and direct and adopted female descendants of members of The American Legion;

(2) Grandmothers, mothers, sisters, spouses, and direct and adopted female descendants of all men and women who served in either of the following periods: April 6, 1917, to November 11, 1918, and any time after December 7, 1941, who, being a citizen of the United States at the time of their entry therein served on active duty in the Armed Forces of any of the governments associated with the United States during either eligibility periods and died in the line of duty or after honorable discharge;

 (3) Grandmothers, mothers, sisters, spouses, and direct and adopted female descendants of all men and women who were in the Armed Forces of the United States during either of the following periods: April 6, 1917, to November 11, 1918, and any time after December 7, 1941, who served on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States during either eligibility periods and died in the line of duty or after honorable discharge; and

(4) To those women who of their own right are eligible for membership in The American Legion. A woman who is eligible for American Legion membership is eligible to join the American Legion Auxiliary regardless of whether or not she is a member of The American Legion.

However, eligibility of her female relatives (sister, mother, direct descendants) and/or spouse depends upon her membership in The American Legion.

(Hey guys, if your wife was a Veteran, but you are not, you can join the ALA as a spouse.)

Mark your calendar for Breakfast with Santa and the last two Pop-Up Shops of the year! Be sure to follow up on Facebook.

We would first like to say thank you to all our Veterans, with it being Veterans Day this month on November 11. In reality, every day should be Veterans Day for the sacrifices they have made.

The Sons of AMVETS is hosting a breakfast on November 10, from 7:00-11:00 a.m. Veterans always eat for free. All other guests cost $9.00 per person.  All are welcome.

The Post has Bar Bingo every Thursday at 7:00 p.m. Doors open at 5:00 p.m. Everyone is welcome. The Auxiliary has a Cash Bingo on November 13. Doors open at 5:00 p.m., with bingo beginning at 7:00 p.m.

The kitchen is open Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, from Noon-7:00 p.m. Everyone is welcome. Non-members have to ring the doorbell to enter. We are always looking for new members, so check to see if you are eligible to join! There are three parts available to join: Veterans, Ladies Auxiliary, and Sons. We would also like to reach out to all current members and ask for your renewed support! Please patronize the AMVETS Post 7 or stop by to help with different events.

High Blood Pressure

What You Don’t Know Could Hurt You

by Dr. Thomas K. Lo, Advanced Chiropractic & Nutritional Healing Center

High blood pressure affects one in three Americans, yet many people with the condition don’t know they have it.

Uncontrolled high blood pressure raises the risk for heart disease, stroke, aneurysm, damage to your kidneys, and erectile dysfunction.

Fortunately, high blood pressure is treatable and preventable.

Here are some reasons you should monitor your blood pressure and, if need be, get it under control.

1. Recent studies show that high blood pressure is linked to a higher risk for dementia, a loss of cognitive function. Timing also seems to matter. Evidence suggests having uncontrolled high blood pressure during midlife (age 45 to 65) creates a higher risk for dementia later in life.

2. Young people can have high blood pressure, too. About one in four men and nearly one in five women, aged 35 to 44, has high blood pressure.

High blood pressure is a leading cause of stroke, a condition that is on the rise among younger people. Experts think the increased risk for stroke among young adults is a direct result of the rising rates of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes—conditions that are preventable and treatable.

3. High blood pressure is sometimes called the “silent killer.” Most people with high blood pressure don’t have any symptoms, such as sweating or headaches. Because many people feel fine, they don’t think they need to get their blood pressure checked.

4. Living a healthy lifestyle can help keep your blood pressure in a healthy range and lower your risk for heart disease and stroke. A healthy lifestyle includes:

Eating a healthy diet of unprocessed foods;

    Maintaining a healthy weight;

    Getting enough physical activity;

    Not smoking; and

    Limiting alcohol use.

5. Women and minorities face unique risks when it comes to high blood pressure.

Women with high blood pressure who become pregnant are more likely to have complications during pregnancy than those with normal blood pressure. High blood pressure can harm a mother’s kidneys and other organs, and it can cause low birth weight and early delivery. Certain types of birth control can also raise a woman’s risk for high blood pressure.

African American men and women have higher rates of high blood pressure than any other race or ethnic group. These individuals are also more likely to be hospitalized for high blood pressure. Experts think this is related to higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and stroke among this group.

Healthy Lifestyle Changes

Choose heart-healthy whole foods and try to stay away from processed foods, fast foods, and sugar.

Avoid or limit alcohol. The American Heart Association recommends that people who choose to drink alcohol limit their consumption to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

Get regular physical activity. Many health benefits result from being physically active and getting the recommended amount of physical activity each week. Studies have shown that physical activity can help lower and control high blood pressure levels. Even modest amounts of physical activity may help. Aim for a healthy weight. If you are an adult who is overweight or obese, losing 5 percent to 10 percent of your initial weight can improve your health and improve blood pressure readings.

 Quit smoking. Smoking is a risk factor for high blood pressure, which can lead to heart attack and stroke. Secondhand smoke can also raise your blood pressure.

Manage stress. Learning how to manage stress and cope with problems can improve your mental and physical health. Learning relaxation techniques, talking to a counselor, and finding a support group can all help.

Get enough good-quality sleep. The recommended amount for adults is seven to nine hours of sleep per day, so develop healthy sleep habits by going to sleep and getting up at regular times, following a calming bedtime routine, and keeping your bedroom cool and dark.

Potassium works along with sodium to control your body’s fluid balance; sodium draws water into your blood, raising the pressure, while potassium has the opposite effect. By increasing your intake of potassium-rich foods, while reducing your intake of those high in sodium, you are more likely to achieve a favorable blood pressure.

Ensuring your diet is rich in fruit and vegetables will help you increase your potassium intake, but nuts and seeds are also a good source of this mineral. However, if you have chronic kidney disease, it may not be appropriate for you to increase your dietary potassium intake.

Magnesium lowers blood pressure by encouraging the muscles in your blood vessels to relax. Foods rich in magnesium are green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, peas, lentils, avocados,  and bananas.

Folate is one of the B vitamins and lowers levels of homocysteine, which is generated from chemical reactions in the body and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. One of the mechanisms through which homocysteine is thought to exert its effects is damaging the arteries, which allows the buildup of fatty deposits, narrowing the blood vessels.

However, research also links high levels of homocysteine with raised blood pressure, suggesting that a diet containing plenty of folate may benefit blood pressure. Plant-based foods supply the most folate. Good options are green leafy vegetables, pulses, avocados, citrus fruits, and berries.

While you are probably familiar with the antioxidants vitamin C and E, beta-carotene and a range of other plant nutrients also have antioxidant activity. These protective nutrients neutralize free radicals, which if left unchecked go on to damage cells in the body, including the cells in your blood vessels. Maintaining the health of your blood vessels keeps them supple, reducing the risk of high blood pressure. 

One of the best ways to improve your antioxidant status is through a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, which are all rich in arterial protective phytonutrients. 

Changing habits can be hard, so try making one change at a time. Add another change when you feel comfortable with the previous one. You’re more likely to manage your blood pressure when you practice several of these healthy lifestyle habits together.

If you are struggling with health issues, call the Advanced Chiropractic & Nutritional Healing Center at 240-651-1650 for a free consultation. Dr. Lo uses Nutritional Response Testing® to analyze the body to determine the underlying causes of ill or non-optimum health. The office is located at 7310 Grove Road #107 in Frederick. Check out the website at www.doctorlo.com.

The office is located at 7310 Grove Road #107, Frederick, MD. Check out the website at www.doctorlo.com.

by Kristen Bodmer

Fall is here, leaves are changing colors, and crisp breezes are blowing. Colorfest and our yard sale have come and gone. Now, we are looking forward to Thanksgiving. We would love for you to come in and join us as we get to spend time together laughing, playing games, and sharing fellowship.

November is full of activities. Please take the opportunity to look at the calendar of events we have scheduled. You can find our calendar on the website at thurmontseniorcenter.org, on Facebook, or come into the center and ask for one. 

As Thanksgiving approaches, we want to express our deep gratitude to the following restaurants: Bollinger’s, Fratelli’s, Mountain Gate, Rocky’s, and Kountry Kitchen. Thank you for your continued support. There are so many things to be thankful for. We have the absolute best volunteers here at the center. I cannot begin to express how wonderful each one is, they do everything from working in the kitchen to taking people to the grocery store or doctors—they are always willing to pitch in and help. We also have amazing people who donate soda, snacks, and chips—even people who don’t come to the center donate. We can’t thank you enough.  We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Although our town is extremely generous, we do not receive any County funding, so any and all donations are truly appreciated.

We have a Veterans Day celebration on November 2, from 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m. to honor all Veterans, including their families. Join us for some fun and fellowship. We also are having a Veterans coffee social  on November 21 at 10:00 a.m. All Veterans and families are welcome, not just seniors.

October was a fun-filled month. We had three exciting bingos, including a costume party at the last Bingo. We stretched and exercised. We played Farkle, Hand and Foot, Pinochle, and Poker. We laughed and laughed. We also had coffee, tea, and goodies galore. You just never know how much fun you can have. We have a free balance and strength exercise session daily, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, beginning at 11:00 a.m. We play Pinochle on Tuesday, Bunko on the second Thursday of the month, and Farkle on the fourth Thursday. We also play Bingo every first and third Wednesday of the month. We are told by many that our coffee is the best, so come in and enjoy a cup with us. Fridays, we have Zumba, as well as Poker and 500. We have a whole corner dedicated to exercise: two treadmills and a recumbent bicycle. There is no charge to use the equipment.

Come out and have a delicious lunch with us. They are served every day at noon. The meals are $6.00 each. Please call the day before to sign up for lunch.  Menus are at the center and online on Facebook and our website thurmontseniorcenter.org

With COVID, flu, and cold season upon us, please stay home if you have symptoms or are not feeling well.

The Thurmont Senior Center is available to rent for different activities. Call us for more information.

As always, if you have questions, don’t hesitate to call us at 301-271-7911.

Just a reminder that some activities may have a minimal cost, but to join the center is absolutely free.

BY Caitlyn Kirby

November is here, and it is time to celebrate the season. In addition to the usual Monday Lunch Bunch, we will enjoy a Thanksgiving lunch on Tuesday, November 26. Join us afterward for a faux floral arrangement of poinsettias! Please register for both of these activities by November 19. Also this month, we will have a harvest still life drawing class on November 18, where we will learn drawing techniques to create our own works of art in pencil and colored pencil. Our art classes are a great way to try out a new medium!

Also this month, there are many opportunities to get in your exercise. You can do a center favorite exercise to video, “Easy Does It,” at 9:15 a.m. Or, you can try a more challenging video workout at 10:30 a.m. We also have an open gym three days a week, which is a great time to shoot hoops, walk laps, or play a game of your choice. Chair Yoga with Christina continues on Mondays at 1:00 p.m., as well as Unrulies Pickleball on Wednesdays at 1:00 p.m.

Medicare Part D Open Enrollment is also in full swing this month. If you need help with your Medicare plan and prescription coverage, the Division of Aging has service navigators to help. Just call 301-600-1234 for more information.

For more information about all our programs, visit www.frederickcountymd.gov/virtual50, call us at 301-600-6350, or stop in the center between 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. You can also find Emmitsburg Senior Center on Facebook for more updates!

Please call the center at 301-600-6350 or email emmitsburgseniorcenter@frederickcountymd.gov if you have any questions.

Jeff Yocum

Prologue

Observations from the Woodpile” is a collection of essays bundled together and given as a birthday present for my wife, Nancy, in 1997. Twenty-seven years have passed since the collection was given. The two main subjects of the essays, my sons Justus and Jacob, have grown into men with families of their own.

Everything But the Squeal

After cutting wood for several years now, I consistently end up with several by-products. Early on in my wood cutting endeavors, most of this by-product was just scrap. It began making a mess. Splinters would get caught in the lawn mower; grass would die where the sawdust piled up. I had to get rid of the scrap.

Splitting wood always creates thin splinters not big enough for firewood. But a handful of those long splinters makes great kindling. Now, I have the boys gather all the splinters and save them in a kindling box. They usually collect a large wheelbarrow full of them.

The boys gather about six or seven large buckets of sawdust every year. We could get more except it falls into the grass. I sprinkle most of it on my wife’s strawberry beds. It helps the plants hide from winter and puts a little organic material back into the soil. In turn, we get about 15 gallons of strawberries every June. I don’t know how much of this bounty we can credit to sawdust, but it hasn’t hurt.

There are always short pieces left over that only make it difficult to stack the wood. I save these and pile them up in a corner of the barn. I grab a few pieces from the pile throughout the winter. They burn just fine. They just don’t look that great.

Ash is all that’s left at the bottom of the stoves. About once every 10 days, we shovel most (not all) of the ash into a metal bucket and take it to the garden. The ash is rich in potassium. We either spread it over the garden or add it to the compost. A well-fed garden returns the favor.

I used to work with a fellow who described how his family made use of the whole hog when butchering time came as, “We used everything but the squeal.”  That may not be very appetizing, but it is a pretty good way to approach woodcutting—waste nothing.

BY Caitlyn Kirby

Spooky season is upon us. It’s time for tricks and treats; just don’t let the ghouls and goblins keep you from fun and festive opportunities available at Emmitsburg 50+ Center! Great weather and great times await; don’t let a good time spook you this season! 

This Halloween, we have some festive activities for your treats—no tricks! If you’re feeling creative, come be batty with stained glass. We will be making a Halloween-stained glass bat decor for windows or walls. Or come make your own pumpkin key chains. For the season, the talented Dorathea will be returning to host an instructional autumn-themed painting class. Other Halloween fun will include a Halloween movie with ice cream, as well as a virtual presentation on mediums and magicians.

We have many of our regular activities returning. Exercises we will have include the walking group, the “Easy Does It!” video exercise with the addition of a moderate-level intensity video. “Unrulies” Pickleball will also be returning, as well as the open gym opportunity if you want to enjoy exercise your way. Other returning activities include regular game times, stitching posts, and paint by number. And let us not forget Chair Yoga on Mondays!

The center will be adding a crochet class on Monday, October 28, that will give you the tools for a great foundation in crocheting for the future. There will also be some new workshop opportunities. This will include “Beginning Genealogy” and a “Mental Health Workshop.” We will also be celebrating October birthdays on the 14th. Come have a very happy birthday and enjoy a treat! 

Last but not least, come enjoy a catered lunch and friendly atmosphere every Monday at noon. Donations are appreciated, up to $6.00. Please pre-register for lunch at least three days in advance. This is an exciting opportunity to visit the center and bring a friend or to meet new people!

Please call the center at 301-600-6350 or email emmitsburgseniorcenter@frederickcountymd.gov if you have any questions.

Joan Bittner Fry

Today, I’m going to Trout’s Market. Should I call them at 5074 or go to their store on East Main Street? They would probably have that nice, young kid deliver my groceries, but it’s a beautiful day, so I’ll go to their store. Maybe I’ll run into some friends. Let me look at their ad in The Enterprise.

I see they have Esskay round bologna for 25 cents a pound, two heads of lettuce for 29 cents, and, oh my, six cans of Dulaney frozen orange juice for only a dollar. I love Kounty Kist peas, and they’re two cans for just a quarter. Cheez-It crackers are my favorite snack, and I can’t go wrong at two boxes for 33 cents. I hope I have enough money.

I just woke up and was having a dream about the food prices in Thurmont in 1956—the year I graduated from Thurmont High School. Times were very good. We took them for granted. Would we like to go back?

Submitted by Joan Bittner Fry

Fireplace Wood

Seasoned wood of any kind will burn better than unseasoned wood. In other words, the percentage of water removed from each piece of wood determines the heat value and burning qualities of the wood. If left outdoors, seasoning takes place and you get wood with more heat in it. Any kind of wood is suitable for burning. Perhaps the best way to describe the burning qualities of wood types is by using this curious but factual poem.

Beechwood fires are bright and clear if the logs are kept a year.

Chestnut’s only good, they say, if for long it’s laid away.

Birch and fir logs burn too fast, blaze up bright and do not last.

Elm wood burns like a churchyard mold, even the very flames are cold.

Poplar gives a bitter smoke, fills your eyes and makes you choke.

Apple wood will scent your room, with an incense like perfume.

Oak and maple, if dry and old, keep away the winter cold.

But ash wood wet and ash wood dry; a king will warm his slippers by.

Don’t Waste Anything

Old timers have an expression, “Waste not, want not.” This is another way of saying, if you don’t waste, you’ll have enough to live on. Just a couple of years ago, someone figured that the average family threw out three-quarters of a ton of food annually. No doubt, with the high price of food, this figure is a lot more today.

Egg Shells — Break them into small pieces and put them in your bird feeder. Some bird people think other birds steal eggs to get the calcium, so use your egg shells. Some gardeners soak the shells in water and use the liquid on their African violets.

Coffee Grounds — There’s nothing better in the flower bed or vegetable garden than coffee grounds. They are also useful as a mulch around trees, shrubs, and evergreens. Very valuable as a soil conditioner, but they are low in nutrients (about 2% nitrogen, .4% phosphoric acid, and about .5% potash). They are acid and ideal around azaleas, rhododendrons, and other acid-loving plants. Tea leaves are also useful on the compost and in the garden.

Potato Peelings — They are great for the compost. In the spring, peel potatoes thicker than usual and plant the peelings in the garden. You’ll get a big crop of tubers in the fall.

Grapefruit and Orange Rinds — In fall and winter, they can be tossed on the compost pile; but, in summer, they’re great for trapping snails. Place them cup-side-down in the garden. Snails like citrus skins and will hide under them during the day. Then, gather and destroy the snails.

You’re the expert lunar geologist of the first Moon cave exploration mission, currently hoisted up by a rope off the edge of a lunar cave. Probes were sent in advance and deemed the cave as safe. You are in a deep lava tube tunnel in an area of the Moon named “Mare Tranquillitatis.” The “Sea of Tranquility” is an area on the surface of the Moon, which can be seen on its near side, the side we always see. A dark area such as this one is called a maria. The darkened surface being from its richness of basalt, an igneous rock, which means it comes from once-existing lava flows, cooling and solidifying in the process. It was believed by early astronomers that these dark areas were actual lunar seas, the word maria being Latin for sea. The cave you are now descending into was created by ancient lava flows, forming tunnels 2 billion years ago. The Moon is now dead, though, similar to an asteroid, ancient because the lava flows have long gone.

You place your right hand on the rope, currently anchored up off an electric winch, powered by solar-chargeable batteries. If the winch fails,  and you fall, flashes in your mind for a moment, but you distract yourself hastily. You look up to your colleague in the matching space suit positioned above you. You wave him off; he gives you one back and disappears out of your field of view, off the edge of the tunnel you are making your way into. You are lowered further into the cave. Only a staggering 328 feet down, and you’ll make contact with the bottom of the lunar skylight.

You hear your partner on the radio. “You doin’ alright, bud?” he asks. You aim your flashlight down in the abyss below and the bottom comes into view. Rocks the size of cars, scattered on the bottom. The view is suffocating and spectacular at the same time. After a few daunting minutes, you finally make your way to the bottom, quickly loosening the anchor completely on your harness. As you reposition your eyes, you look ahead, deep into a cave smaller than the one you’re already in. It goes on for a couple of yards and shoots to the right. The walls of this cave feel a little closer now, but it’s just your uneasiness rearing its head. After making your way straight promptly, you slowly take the right, you then feel a familiar surface, a surface familiar to you during your time in Alaska as that research assistant. It’s slippery and you quickly lose your footing, falling back. But because of the Moon’s gravity, you fall in literal slow motion, thankfully catching yourself in the process.

Looking down, you see a surface that glistens as the light pours out of your helmet’s flashlight. You have found something amazing: ice water in the lunar caves of the Moon. This find to you was already expected, of course, since the SOFIA mission from 2020 proved that there was ice water on the Moon. The fact that you didn’t practice more caution due to ice being known already is a mystery to you; you chalk it up to the excitement getting the best of you.

You continue your journey onward into the cave, now descending deeper into the lunar crust. Yards upon yards you descend, and you’re starting to think you may never hit the bottom. The light shows to you that the tunnel is starting to bottom out. You make your way down to a cave larger than the one you were just in. It’s magnificent, the walls of this cave towering over you in all directions. The ceiling, high above you, is covered in ice. After taking in the view, you then ascend an embankment. Something then comes into view. It’s even more awe-inducing than that ice you slipped on earlier: a lake inside of the Moon. It’s apparent to you that this is due to a number of things. First, this water most likely comes from ancient comet impacts. Second, this cave is warmer and more pressurized. And, lastly, the cave works as a case to keep the liquid water from escaping into space. You quickly radio your crew mates, “I have found a lake of liquid water inside the Moon.”

Although the story I just told above has never happened, and most likely would not happen in such a way, the train of thought is a fun one to go down, nonetheless. What stands true is that there is a real possibility that subterranean lakes exist in the Moon. The Lunar Prospector spacecraft proved one thing to us, it being that there’s a possiblity that ice water could be found on the Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) of the Moon, areas that never get any sunlight, literally none. A desolate cold wasteland. It was later proved that there was indeed ice water in the PSRs.

The 2020 mission, named SOPHIA, found actual water molecules on even sunlit areas of the Moon. The total amount, a cubic meter in a crater the size of 140 miles, spread across the lunar surface, shows enough water molecules to fill a 12 oz. water bottle, roughly. An amount of water that is 100 times less than the Sahara Desert. In a research paper of the name “Subterranean Lakes on the Moon: Liquid Water Beneath the Ice,” by Andreas Hein, Manasvi Lingam, Marshall Eubanks, and William Paul Blase, it discusses the possibility of liquid water beneath the lunar surface. Underneath the icy regions of the Moon, never touched by sunlight. A staggering amount of ice that weighs equal to 1.3 trillion pounds, although recent studies show that possibly the amount was overestimated. Nonetheless, the Moon’s PSRs contain a lot of ice water.

As for the further exploration of the Moon, we have Artemis II to look forward to, projected to occur in September of 2025. This mission will have a crew go around the Moon. While Artemis III, in September of 2026, will have the first astronauts land near the lunar South Pole. It is my hope that this will aid us in further understanding of the Moon and its rich history. As for lunar cave exploration, currently the European Space Agency Concurrent Design Facility is creating a probe prototype named “Daedalus,” which will be lowered into a lunar cave using a tether. After being lowered it will then disconnect from the tether and roll away autonomously to explore. The tether that Daedalus was brought down with will double as a Wi-Fi receiver, allowing it to send back its findings. The mission will hope to find areas in these tunnels where radiation and temperature are stable. What this means is that we will be one step closer to having astronauts permanently on the Moon.

Between this and the possible water in the caves, the future of Moon exploration is looking very interesting.

by Tricia Bush, CPA, CFP®, Partner, Bestgate Advisors


Understanding Estimated Tax Payments

Who Needs to Pay & How to Stay on Track

For many taxpayers, the process of paying taxes is relatively straightforward. Wages are earned, taxes are withheld from paychecks, and when tax season arrives, most of the heavy lifting has already been done.

However, there are millions of Americans who don’t fit into that traditional mold, and, for them, the concept of estimated tax payments becomes critical. Let’s break down what estimated tax payments are, who needs to make them, and how to ensure you’re staying compliant with IRS rules, especially as the year progresses.

What Are Estimated Tax Payments?

Estimated tax payments are quarterly payments made by individuals who have income that isn’t subject to withholding. This typically includes income from self-employment, rental properties, dividends, interest, capital gains, and even gambling winnings. If you expect to owe at least $1,000 in taxes after subtracting your withholding and refundable credits, you are generally required to make estimated tax payments.

Estimated taxes are paid in four installments throughout the year, typically due in April, June, September, and January of the following year. These payments cover both federal income tax and self-employment tax (for those who are self-employed). If you fail to make these payments or don’t pay enough, you may be subject to interest and penalties.

Who Needs to Make Estimated Tax Payments?

Generally, you need to make estimated tax payments if:

You are self-employed, a freelancer, or an independent contractor.

You receive income from dividends, interest, rental properties, or capital gains.

You earn income from a side business or gig economy jobs.

You have substantial gambling winnings or windfalls that are not subject to withholding.

It’s also worth noting that even if you work a regular job, estimated taxes may still be relevant to you. For example, married couples who both work may have insufficient withholding if they don’t coordinate well. Some taxpayers with higher incomes, multiple jobs, or those who itemize deductions may also find that their withholding isn’t enough to cover their full tax liability, meaning they too may need to make estimated payments.

Safe Harbor Rules: Prior Year vs. Current Year Calculations

The IRS provides a “safe harbor” to help taxpayers avoid penalties for underpaying taxes throughout the year. Essentially, if you meet the safe harbor criteria, you won’t face penalties, even if you end up owing taxes when you file your return.

There are two ways to calculate your estimated tax payments to meet the safe harbor:

Prior Year Safe Harbor: This method allows you to avoid penalties if your total tax payments (including withholding and estimated tax payments) are at least 100% of the tax you owed in the prior year (or 110% for higher-income taxpayers). This is often a simpler approach, as it involves looking at last year’s tax return to determine how much you need to pay.

Current Year Safe Harbor: This method bases your payments on your projected current-year income. If you expect your income to fluctuate significantly from last year (perhaps due to a new business venture, job change, or investment gain), you may want to calculate your payments based on this year’s expected tax liability. To avoid penalties, your payments must cover at least 90% of your projected tax liability.

While these rules provide flexibility, it’s important to stay on top of any changes in income throughout the year and adjust your payments accordingly to avoid falling short.

Income Outside of Wages: Who Typically Needs to Make Estimates?

Aside from self-employed individuals and small business owners, several other groups of taxpayers frequently need to make estimated tax payments.

Investors: Those who have significant income from dividends, interest, capital gains, or other investment earnings may need to make quarterly payments. Even if you’re not actively managing your portfolio, a few well-timed stock sales or unexpected investment income can push you into underpayment territory.

Landlords: If you own rental properties, income from rent or the sale of a property can generate tax liability not covered by withholding. Real estate professionals often find themselves in need of making estimated tax payments, especially if they have substantial depreciation write-offs and other tax strategies in play.

Married Couples: Some married couples may find that their combined wages result in a tax shortfall, especially if both spouses are working but don’t adjust their withholding to reflect their joint income. Additionally, if one spouse earns income from a side business or freelance work, it may exacerbate the issue.

The Withholding Advantage: A Way to Catch Up

If you’re behind on your estimated taxes for the year, there is a useful workaround that many people overlook: increasing your paycheck withholding. The IRS treats tax withheld from your paycheck as being paid evenly throughout the year, even if it’s deducted in large amounts later in the year. This means that if you’re behind on estimated taxes, you can instruct your employer to withhold more tax from your paycheck during the final months of the year to catch up and avoid penalties.

To do this, you’ll need to adjust your W-4 form with your employer to reflect the additional amount of tax you want withheld. You can also make one-time changes or extra payments, especially if you’re expecting a bonus or commission payment.

This strategy is particularly helpful for individuals who have a mix of wage income and income from other sources, such as dividends, rentals, or a small business. By strategically increasing withholding, you can avoid scrambling to make large estimated tax payments at the last minute.

Final Thoughts: Staying on Top of Your Taxes

Making estimated tax payments may seem like a burden, but they are crucial for ensuring that you’re on track with your tax obligations throughout the year. Whether you’re self-employed, earn significant investment income, or have multiple sources of income, understanding your tax liability and staying current with your payments is key to avoiding penalties and interest.

If you find yourself behind, remember that it’s not too late to take corrective action. Whether by increasing your withholding or making catch-up payments, staying proactive will help keep you in the IRS’s good graces and make tax season a little less stressful.

Stay organized, monitor your income changes, and seek professional tax advice if needed to ensure you meet the IRS’s requirements and avoid any surprises when April comes around!

James Rada, Jr.

Note: Newspaper excerpts are as they appeared in their respective issues.

October 1924, 100 Years Ago

Annual Convention of Pythian Sisters

The fourth annual convention of Pythian Sisters of District No. 2, of Maryland, was held in Thurmont Monday afternoon and night with 82 delegates present from the six temples comprising the district, and many visitors, Grand Chief Rebecca Russell, of Hagerstown, and District Deputy Nate Sterner, were present. Mrs. Viola Sutter, Brunswick. District Deputy, presided at the afternoon meeting, which was occupied with routine business.

                                – Frederick News, October 7, 1924

Another “Bootie” Gets Six Months Term In Prison

“Things are not obtained easily in this world and success comes only through hard work,” Associate Judge Robert B. Peter told Harry Hewitt, about 35, of near Thurmont, this morning when he sentenced him to six months in the House of Correction after he had pleaded guilty to selling liquor.

“The only way to break up the liquor traffic is by prison sentences,” said Judge Peter, who added that “fines will never stop it.”

Four separate charges were docketed against Hewitt, but upon entering the plea of guilty on one charge, State’s Attorney Storm requested that the remaining cases be settled.

                                – Frederick News, October 9, 1924

October 1949, 75 Years Ago

Funeral Services For Merchant Held Tuesday

One of Emmitsburg’s most well-known merchants died suddenly Saturday evening. J. Edward Houck, owner and operator of the Emmitsburg Quality Shop succumbed to a heart attack at his home on the Square about 5 o’clock Saturday evening. Mr. Houck had been ill for the past few months. The deceased was aged 63 years and was the son of the late George and Mary (Elder) Houck.

Prior to his entering business here, Mr. Houck was associated for many years with the Airtight Steel Tank Company, Pittsburgh, and later opened a business establishment in Baltimore. Coming to Emmitsburg about 25 years ago, Mr. Houck founded the present clothing concern and operated it until the time of his demise.                             

                                – Emmitsburg Chronicle, October 7, 1949

Mrs. Rial Deeds Roddy Quarry To Mt. St. Mary’s

Mrs. Marie Gloninger Rial, St. Anthony’s, has transferred to the President and Council of Mt. St. Mary’s College what is known as the old Roddy quarry, near the College, according to a deed recorded in the clerk’s office, Frederick. Certain easements are also included.

The President and the college agree to tuitional scholarship Mary’s Seminary to be known as the Marie Gloninger Rial scholarship and also make certain other covenants. The deed recites that in appreciation and support of the traditional work carried on by the college for nearly 150 years, the transfer of property, embracing about 1.95 acres, is made. A right of way is given oversuch part of the Clairvaux farm, also owned by Mrs. Rial, as shall provide a direct and convenient approach for a water line to the college, together with a right of way over land extending six feet on each side of the water line. All improvements at the quarry are included, along with the right to maintain a pole and power lines in the place in which equipment is now located or such suitable place as the college may find expedient for the purpose bringing power to the pumps the quarry.

The grantor reserves full noncommercial swimming, fishing and boating privileges in the quarry to the extent that they will not interfere with the grantee (College’s) rights.

                                          – Emmitsburg Chronicle, October 7, 1949

October 1974, 50 Years Ago

Construction Is Under Way on the New Wing for Mount Saint Mary’s Seminary

The Mount Seminary stands out today as one of the few seminaries in the country operating beyond full capacity. It is now accommodating a record enrollment of 164 students and has had to turn 30 applicants away this year.

“With this new addition, every seminarian will be able to have his own room,” says the Rev. Harry J. Flynn, Rector of the Seminary. “Having a private room is absolutely essential, for the spiritual and personal development of young men studying for the priesthood.”

The $375,000 wing, which is at the building site of the being financed by Mount Saint Mary’s current capital campaign, Achievement II, is expected to be completed by April 1, 1975. It will include 42 private rooms for students, six guest rooms and three priest suites. Construction is being done by Roy Kirby & Sons of Baltimore.

                                          – Emmitsburg Chronicle, October 3, 1974

Three Students Receive Notice

Three seniors at Catoctin High School have been named Merit Program Commended students by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Principal Harper Long announced that the following students have received Letters of Commendation: William J. Gray, Warren H. Keefer, and Steven B. Love. These students are among the 38,000 Commended students named on the basis of their high performance on the 1973 Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. Commended students are in the upper 2 percent of those who are expected to graduate from high school in 1975. Although the Commended students ranked high on the test, their scores were just below those of the 15,000 Semifinalists who were announced in September by NMSC.

                                          – Emmitsburg Chronicle, October 3, 1974

October 1999, 25 Years Ago

Community Harassed by Thoughtless Teens

 At the September town meeting Frederick County Sheriff’s Deputy Willie Ollie reported that one adult woman, age 18, and three juveniles, ages 14-16, were charged with breaking and entering into a West Main Street house on Friday, September 9. Deputy Ollie said all four were Emmitsburg residents and that he felt these individuals have been responsible for 90% of the recent vandalism in the parks and several burglaries and thefts.

The youths were caught when Thurmont police answered a call from a resident witnessing the break-in. The owners of the home, having experienced several breakins recently, had just installed a 24-hour surveillance cameras which caught the youths breaking into a basement door.

All four were charged with first degree burglary and destruction of property.

                                          – The Emmitsburg Regional Dispatch, October 1999

Global Anesthesia Systems to Build in Emmitsburg

On the outskirts of Emmitsburg, not far from Route 15, lies an empty plot of land across from the Industrial Park. For most people, this grassy area goes unnoticed, as it has for years.

However, two physicians have sought out this lot as a place to expand their bustling business. Dr. Judy Hutchinson and Dr. Jeffrey Haugh, anesthesiologists who head the Global Anesthesia Systems, are the developers of a new Office/Retail Park located at the corner of Route 15 and Creamery Road.

Global Anesthesia Systems provides office anesthesia services to patients having  procedures done in their doctor’s office or in a surgicenter. They also offer all of the anesthesia services at Hanover Hospital. Dr. Hutchinson and Dr. Haugh travel with their equipment to meet patients throughout the week in such locations as Hagerstown, Annapolis, and Baltimore.

                                          – The Emmitsburg Regional Dispatch, October 1999

by Michele Tester
“Chomping at the Bit”

I don’t know about you, but I constantly feel like I’m being rushed and pushed to the next “thing.” Whatever happened to basking in the moment, enjoying the season you are in? It seems that we are constantly being reminded to be mindful, to live in the moment, seize the day; you read about it, see plaques that display the wise advice, and hear people talk about it. Yet, to be honest, to me it feels like we are living in a time where society is screaming at us to hurry along and get ready for whatever is next; “don’t” live in the moment is being shouted to me from every rooftop. Hurry up, why don’t you?

Society is chomping at the bit, and, whether we realize it or not, we are being sucked right into the scurry.

When I was young, it seemed like summer lasted so long. It was a magical time of playing outside, running and jumping, riding bikes, swimming, and simply being carefree. It seemed like society, as a whole, welcomed and embraced the slow, simple time. Yes, I know I was just a kid; and, in a kid’s mind, summer probably did feel like it went on forever—not rushed, not demanding. But, lately, I feel as though I’m witnessing something else emerging: Society has other ideas about time and season, and I’m not liking them one smidgen.  

Over the past several years, I’ve noticed the slow trickle of stores displaying holiday merchandise and decor a bit earlier and earlier. That trickle has now erupted into a full-fledged soaking. Can I emphasize again that I don’t like it one bit?

This summer, I noticed my pool rafts from last year were worse for the wear. No amount of the “repair” tape that comes with purchasing a pool float—which, by the way, has never worked for me—was going to repair them. So, I decided to head to the store to buy some new pool rafts…in July. There were a couple of things about this excursion that got into my craw. Number one: the shelves were already pretty scarce of pool and summer accessories. Number two: the shelves were scarce because they were starting to stock them with Halloween merchandise. I mean, is it too much to ask to buy a summer pool raft…in July? It’s still summer, people.

It gets worse. On my trips to various stores in July and August to search for assorted pool and summer items, not only did I see Halloween stuff, but I also saw Christmas decorations and displays already out.

What is going on, and how did we get here?

In society’s mixed message of “living in the moment” and “mindfulness,” implying to us that it can have positive effects on our mental and physical health—all the while pushing us and urging us on to the next thing—something has gotten out of whack. And I feel like “they” slid it right past me. Slid it right by me before I could even offer a protest.

I couldn’t even look at all the Christmas stuff already out this summer when I went into a store. It was just too soon. If I want to buy some items I see in stores as early Christmas gifts, great. I love Christmas; it’s my favorite holiday. But, decorations in July and August? Come on. All the holidays are overlapping in stores, blurring each other out.

I believe we are all too “rushed” these days. And what does that rushing feeling produce? You got it: stress and anxiety. We are all so thrust toward getting to that next “thing,” that we forget about enjoying what we are in right at this very moment. Like maybe floating on a pool raft in a pool, leisurely enjoying a hot, summer day. Although, that’s hard to do when you don’t have anything to float on, but I digress.

So, why do the store chains display holiday merchandise way—like abnormally early—before the actual holiday? Here are a few reasons they might tell us: (1) To appeal to shoppers who like to start their holiday shopping early; (2) Early holiday decorations may help shoppers get into the holiday spirit and ponder their gift lists; and (3) Stores may put out Christmas decorations if they have leftover Christmas inventory from the previous year. Yet, I think we can all probably agree on the number one reason they do. Drumroll, please. Money.

I’m not sure how to stop this trajectory we are on. Who’s to say we won’t start seeing Halloween and Christmas displays in stores starting in May? And, while on the subject of holidays, whatever happened to good ole Thanksgiving? Lost in the shuffle. But, that’s a whole other topic.

Anyway, maybe this “pushing” and “shoving” going on doesn’t bother you. Maybe you love seeing Christmas displays in July. Me? I’m tired of being pushed and shoved. I long for earlier times when it wasn’t so rushy-rushy. When summer was summer. To be honest, I believe all this pushy-pushy, rushy-rushy stuff is making people more grumpy, angry, and downright rude. But, that’s a whole other topic, too.

I feel like we have to have some boundaries. Stop pushing this stuff on us. Let us enjoy the moment, sit in the season, and not jump ahead all the time. Maybe, we have to begin to stand up and resist against society elbowing us to move it forward faster. Stop buying into all its subliminal “get to the next thing” messages. Maybe only then could we all slow down a bit, rejuvenate, and actually savor the season we are in.

But, that’s just my two cents.

by James Rada

Colleges Take to the Skies

When World War II started in 1939, the United States had roughly 38,000 trained pilots. It wasn’t enough to fight a war. Men were willing to join the Air Corps, but there weren’t enough instructors to train them all.

Often, the men waiting to become pilots were members of the Army Enlisted Reserve.

“This Enlisted Reserve consisted of young men who had been picked by the Air Corps after a suitable examination but who had been permitted to stay temporarily in civilian life pending vacancies in the various Air Corps training centers,” the Gettysburg College Alumni News reported.

As the number of pilots increased, it became clear that the best ones were those who had studied subjects pertinent to flying while in college, such as mathematics, physics, and advanced geography. However, fewer and fewer of the Air Corps openings were being filled by college students.

At the same time, many small colleges felt financial strain as their students joined the military and left college. Some colleges even considered closing because of lagging enrollment, according to the Alumni News.

Then, someone realized colleges could be helped and the quality of the pilot candidates improved at the same time. The Enlisted Reserve men would undergo intensive training to prepare them to become pilots at colleges around the country that had classroom space. The Alumni News estimated that the program would pack twice as much education into the same time as a regular college program.

“Thus, then, these institutions could stay open and retain their financial solvency, and the Army Air Forces could get their men trained along exactly the lines that were desired. One other factor which has been somewhat overlooked in regards to the training program, is that that thousands of young men who would normally not go to college had the opportunity of getting a rather good college education and in the collegiate surroundings which mean almost more than the book-work itself,” the Alumni News reported.

Mount St. Mary’s College and Gettysburg College were among the colleges and universities chosen where pilots would be trained, although under different programs.

Gettysburg College took part in Civilian Pilot Training School, which began in Gettysburg in the fall of 1942. Young men received classroom training at Gettysburg College and flying and mechanical instruction at the new Gettysburg Airport on Mummasburg Road.

“It is now possible for an American boy to start from scratch on a flying career and become an Army pilot instructor in 32 weeks,” Richard Bircher told a meeting of the Gettysburg Lions Club in 1942. He was given charge of both the Civilian Pilot Training program and the airport.

The Mount was part of the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which offered students a path to a Navy commission. The program was created to increase the number of Navy officers being commissioned, in addition to those who graduated from the United States Naval Academy and the U.S. Naval Reserve Midshipmen’s School.

Once enrollees completed their V-12-subsidized bachelor’s degree programs, their next step toward obtaining a commission depended whether they were in the Navy or the Marines.

During WWII, more than 125,000 participants were enrolled in the V-12 Navy College Training Program across the United States, of which, 400 young men attended the Mount.

Newspapers announced on June 30, 1942, that the first group of 25 sailors from the Navy would be arriving soon. “Of the 25, ten will begin primary training, ten will start secondary training and five will begin studies of instruments,” the Hagerstown Mail reported.

Besides classroom training, the sailors were also given flight instruction at an airfield, established about a quarter mile from campus. Outside of the classroom work, the Waynesboro airport provided six flight instructors and five teachers for ground school, along with 10 planes. Seven were for primary training and three for secondary work. Coach Wally Opekun was in charge of making sure they were kept in peak physical condition during their time in Emmitsburg.

Gettysburg College was one of the few colleges in the country that offered all four Civilian Pilot Training Courses: Elementary, Secondary, Cross-Country, and Instructor. The college also had the largest quota of students assigned to any one school operator, according to The Gettysburg Times.

During its short service, the CPT program trained 84 men, each of whom had received 35 hours of flying instruction and 240 of ground school training. Besides providing practical experience, the Alumni News reported that the flying time, “also serves the double purpose of giving the classification center and us an insight into whether or not the student is basically unfit to become a pilot, and whether or not the student has a fear of heights, or is subject to airsickness.”

Besides learning to fly, the students took classes in meteorology, navigation, air-engine operations, flight theory, aircraft, aircraft identification, military science and courtesy, military and physical training, code, military force, and organization.

This push for pilots succeeded. By the end of 1942, roughly 200,000 men in the United States were pilots.

According to the Mount website, “In honor of its service to the armed forces training programs, the school received a 3-inch/50-caliber anti-aircraft gun from the USS Detroit—a ship credited with one downed and one assisted downed aircraft during the battle at Pearl Harbor. Two years later Memorial Gymnasium was built and dedicated to the alumni killed in World Wars I and II.”

Sailors in the V-12 Navy Training Program at Washburn University relax with other students in the student union.

Sailors in the V-12 Navy Training Program at Brown University participate in a PE program.
Instructor and students studying map at civilian pilot training school. Meacham Field, Fort Worth, Texas.

Students working on an airplane motor at civilian pilot training school. Meacham Field, Fort Worth, Texas.

Maxine Troxell

Okay, here I go, divulging the source of some of my secret recipes. Back in 1972, I purchased a cookbook from The Farm Journal called The Country Cookbook. I have gotten a lot of my prize recipes from this book, including a number of bread, cake, cookie, and pie recipes.

This Pecan Pie recipe was included in this book, and I have won several champion recipes with this pie. The filling is very easy to make. I hope you enjoy it!

USDA Pecan Pie

Ingredients

1 unbaked pie shell

4 eggs

1 cup sugar

½ teaspoon salt

1½ cups dark corn syrup

2 tablespoons, plus 1 teaspoon melted butter

1 teaspoon vanilla

1 cup pecan halves

Directions
Preheat oven to 350 degrees.

Beat eggs just until blended but not frothy. 

Add sugar, salt, and corn syrup. Add the cooled melted butter and vanilla, mixing just enough to blend.

Spread nuts in bottom of pie shell.

Pour in filling.

Place pie in the oven and immediately reduce heat to 325 degrees. Bake for 50-60 minutes.